Rajamalai - Eravikulam National Park

The Nilgiri Tahr and its Sanctuary

The Nilgiri Tahr, a majestic mountain goat, is a unique species endemic to the Western Ghats of South India. Its primary habitat is the Eravikulam National Park, nestled in the Idukki and Ernakulam districts of Kerala. This pristine park, once a private hunting preserve, has transformed into a haven for the Nilgiri Tahr and a treasure trove of biodiversity.

History and Conservation

The history of the Eravikulam National Park is intertwined with the British colonial era. In the early 20th century, the Kanan Devan Hills Produce Company, a British plantation company, owned the area. Recognizing the ecological significance of the region and the dwindling population of the Nilgiri Tahr, a visionary British planter named J.C. Goldsbury took the initiative to protect this unique species. His efforts led to the establishment of the High Range Game Preservation Association in 1940, which aimed to safeguard the Nilgiri Tahr and its habitat.

In 1975, the Indian government declared the area a wildlife sanctuary, and in 1978, it was upgraded to a national park. This decision was driven by the increasing threats to the Nilgiri Tahr, including habitat loss, poaching, and overgrazing. The park's establishment marked a significant milestone in the conservation of this endangered species.

Uniqueness of the Nilgiri Tahr

The Nilgiri Tahr is a remarkable creature, well-adapted to the harsh mountain environment. It possesses several unique characteristics that set it apart from other goat species. Its thick woolly coat provides insulation against the cold, while its sturdy hooves enable it to navigate the steep slopes of the Western Ghats. The males exhibit a distinctive saddle-shaped marking on their back, which becomes more prominent with age.

The Nilgiri Tahr plays a crucial role in maintaining the ecological balance of the high-altitude grasslands. By grazing on the vegetation, they help to prevent the encroachment of woody plants and maintain the open grassland ecosystem. This, in turn, benefits a diverse range of other species that depend on this habitat.

Rajamala and Eravikulam: A Scenic Paradise

The Eravikulam National Park, often referred to as Rajamala, is a breathtakingly beautiful landscape. Rolling hills, lush grasslands, and misty valleys create a picturesque setting. The park is home to a variety of flora and fauna, including the Neelakurinji, a rare flower that blooms once in 12 years, and a diverse range of bird species.

Visitors to the park can embark on guided treks to witness the majestic Nilgiri Tahr in its natural habitat. The park authorities have implemented strict regulations to minimize human impact and ensure the well-being of the wildlife. By following these guidelines, visitors can contribute to the conservation efforts and enjoy the pristine beauty of this remarkable ecosystem.

The Nilgiri Tahr and the Eravikulam National Park stand as a testament to the power of conservation. The foresight of J.C. Goldsbury and the dedicated efforts of conservationists have ensured the survival of this unique species. By protecting the Nilgiri Tahr and its habitat, we safeguard a precious part of India's natural heritage.

Munnar

RajaMalai, Munnar, India

Hours

7:30 AM - 4 PM